How does Okonkowo develop themes in the text as a tragic hero?

Throughout the book it is recognizable that Okonkowo is portrayed as a though individual that never shows weakness, or affection, and that gives priority to his status, and reputation more than to anything else. This characteristic of Okonkowo, has a duality that is a double-edged sword for him. On the one hand, having this attitude of fortress and toughness, helps him to gain titles in his tribe, winning the best wrestler of his tribe, and helps him to be a successful soldier in war, which gives him a good reputation and status in his tribe, but on the other hand, his excess of rudeness drives him to commit mistakes that at one point turn against him. An example of mistake that he commits is for example when he kills Ikemefuna in front of the other leaders of the tribe, in order to not show weakness. This excess of curtness turns against him, when he accidentally kills the son of one of his friends in his funeral, which causes his exile out of his tribe for a period of seven years. Besides of that Okonkowo can be considered a tragic hero, since after being presented as a respected and successful man in his tribe, eventually experiences a reversal of fortune like for example his exile, or the loss of a child who decides to join a different ethnic group. Finally Okonkowo dies in a tragic way, hanging himself after killing a commissioner coming from a different ethnic group.

Why does Achebe choose a tragic hero for his protagonist in his colonial counter narrative?

Chinua Achebe uses a tragic hero as the protagonist of his book to show how the influence of a colonizer can break down the core of the ideology of a colony. Before the Christians arrived to the Uomofia, Okonkowo’s attitude and actions towards his enemies were regarded as heroic and rewarding, but after the Christians came to Uomofia, his opinion, and decisions were neither listened, nor accepted.

What is the purpose or function of Okonkowo in Things Fall Apart?

From my point of view, Okonkowo portrays how the culture and ideology of the Igbo people has broken down, or has fallen apart, after Uomofia is colonized. Okonkowo experiences a reverse of fortune after he kills Ikemefuna, which has a tragic end, since Okonkowo dies hanged, whereas the Igbo people get ideologically divided, after the Christian missionaries arrive to the tribe.

Most Meaningful Takeaway of An African Voice Discussion

From my point of view, the most meaningful takeaway of today's discussion was Chinua's statement that it is needed to know and to understand the two views, the African view of the African situation, and the European authors'view of the African situation, to understand what the reality is. Knowing just one of the views would not mean knowing part of the reality, but instead, it would mean knowing nothing. Without both of the views, it would not be possible to understand, and empathize with what the reality of the imperialism issue meant to the countries that suffered it. In the discussion of this statement, everybody agreed on the fact that Chinua's statement was a good view, since every view would present the situation in the way that most would benefit themselves, neither the European authors were presenting correctly Africa and the Africans, nor the Africans were totally right with their view of imperialism.

Paper 1 practice

The speech that is going to be analyzed, is the speech that the Yankee’s prodigious first baseman Lou Gehrig delivered on July 4, of 1939. Lou Gehrig was known as the Iron Horse because of his endurance and his fidelity in every single game, but sadly at the age of 36 he had to stop playing due to the contraction of the crippling disease. Therefore, this is the speech that the Yankee baseman delivered as his farewell, since he had to retire due to the disease. The speech was delivered in the Yankee stadium, in front of all his fans, family, and teammates.

The targeted audience of the speech is the group of individuals that know and support Lou Gehrig, and besides of that, the individuals who also are aware of his situation regarding his retirement. An evidence for this, that is found in the speech, is the very first sentence that the Yankee baseman says which is ‘’ Fans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about a bad break I got.’’(Line 1). This sentence can be taken as evidence since when he refers to the fans, he is referring to a group of people who are interested in him, or care for him since they show interest in his situation. Besides of that, it shows that the targeted audience must know about his retirement since the sentence shows that these individuals interested in him know about a bad break that he had.

The purpose of Lou Gehrig’s speech, is to finish his career in a positive way despite of his disease, portraying his conviction of the fact that he has succeeded in his career with the help of his teammates, manager, family, and fans and to persuade the audience with the fact that his life is not over yet. In order to do this, he does not mention, even one time, his problem regarding his disease, and instead of doing that, he repeats several times that he is the luckiest man on earth, showing gratitude to his teammates, manager,  family, and fans for supporting him in every moment. Besides of that he also wants to show his positivism to his audience since in his last sentence he says ‘’ I have an awful lot to live for’’ (Line 17).  Therefore, the purpose of the speech is to express gratitude, and positivism, and persuade the audience with the fact that he still has a purpose to live.

The speech essentially is a retirement speech, in which Lou Gehrig instead of expressing his sadness of having to stop playing baseball because of a disease, he decides to express his gratitude towards his teammates, manager, family and fans for supporting and encouraging him throughout his entire career. In the speech he tells the audience that even though he had a bad break, he feels like the luckiest man on earth due to the encouragement and support that the fans have provided him with. After that, he thanks some of his teammates and managers like for example, Jacob Ruppert, Ed Barrow, and Joe McCarthy for helping him and for spending nine years of their lives with him.  Furthermore, he keeps saying that he is lucky, since he recognizes that the fact that the baseball team New York Giants sent him a present is an achievement. Moreover he mentions that another important achievement is being remembered by all the baseball players as a player with trophies. In the last paragraph he thanks his family, including his wife, father, mother, and mother-in-law, for the huge support and help that they have provided him. Finally, he closes the speech claiming that he recognizes that he had a tough break, but also that he has an awful lot to live for.

The speech has more than one theme but the most remarkable theme is gratitude. Along the speech it is noticeable that the baseball player keeps showing his gratitude towards fans, teammates, manager, and family, and also mentions some of his achievements, to show that he is happy about his career and to show that he wants to say goodbye to his fans, in a positive way and convinced of his success. Besides of that another theme of the speech is his future, since he tries to persuade the audience with the fact that having to stop playing baseball does not mean that his life is over, as he says in the phrase that finishes the speech ‘’ I have an awful lot to live for’’(Line 17).

In what concerns the tone, it is a sad tone. Throughout the speech Lou Gehrig keeps stopping after a phrase or sometimes after saying a word trying to hold back the tears in front of the crowd. It is also noticeable that in some parts of the speech he blinks, swallows, looks to the ground many times, which are common gestures present in the individuals before crying. Besides of that the mood goes hand in hand with the tone since he is melancholic while he thanks the fans, his teammates, and his family.

It is a biased speech, since Lou is expressing his opinion and view of the situation without including the opinion of other individuals about his situation. Besides of that, it does not take any ideological standpoint, and it does not include pronouns to substitute nouns. The rhetoric devices present in the speech are varied. In the very first sentence of the speech, Lou uses Alliteration, a rhetorical technique that makes the sentence to be said fast, which portrays Lou’s disinterest in talking about his bad break. The second sentence contains a hyperbole, as he says ‘’ I consider myself the luckiest man on earth’’, which is used by the baseball player to show how big is his gratitude towards his audience. In the third paragraph from the line 10 to the line 13 Lou also uses an Anaphora, starting three sentences in a row with the word When, and finishing with the group of words ‘’that’s something’’. This use of Anaphora helps Lou to express that his achievements during his entire career are numerous, and helps him to convince the audience of the fact that his career has left a trace in the baseball scene. Besides of that, the third paragraph also contains a Metaphor which is, ‘’ When the New York Giants, a team you would give your right arm to beat’’ (Line 10). This Metaphor is used by Lou to explain the high status of the team New York Giants in the American baseball scene.

Lastly, the speech shows the balanced presence of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. It has Ethos or credibility, since it is Lou’s last speech in front of his fans, family, and teammates. The speech has Pathos, since the player holds back his tears, knowing that it is his last time in front of the crowd, therefore showing emotions. Finally it has Logos, because it is known by  the audience that he suffers of a disease that does not allow him to play anymore, as he points out in his very first sentence  ‘’ Fans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about a bad break I got’’ ( Line 1).

IOC Sample

https://soundcloud.com/ssein/ioc-sample

How does this passage affect the audience?

Most Meaningful Takeaway

The most meaningful takeaway of today’s discussion for me was the fact that we discussed how identity is influenced by culture, and how having to learn a new language in depth produces the oblivion of your own culture and identity. As we can read in the text the author says ‘’for people who cannot entirely identify with either standard (formal Castilian) Spanish nor Standard English, what recourse is left to them but to create their own language?’’ the author in this sentence is explaining how important the language is for her.

 Knowing that her Spanish is not the most common and correct Spanish, and that her English is not perfect since she has a Latin accent, she directly states that there is no other way than creating her own language, in order to be able to communicate . This idea, transmits me the fact that the language is a big part of our identity, since nobody can fully understand what we want to transmit throw a different language than our native language.

Besides of the communication problems, the author is being forced to learn English, since it has more influential power than her own language, so in this case by having to learn a new language, she has to get used to a different culture, different customs since she has to copy the American accent in order to be accepted, copying the American accent and expressions. In this case we can also see the connection between power and language in the fact that she is forced to learn a language that has more power, influence, and acceptance than her language in order to become a more accepted person in society, and in order to be seen as an educated person.  As we discussed in our group when it comes to learn a new language, you know that in order to fully understand everything, a person has to understand the culture of the countries that speak that language as the mother tongue, and besides of that a person has to replace the expressions,and ways of communication of that new language with her or his own expressions that come from his or her own language and culture. Therefore, language plays a significant role in our identity because when we learn a new language, our expressions, customs, and even way of speaking and acting, change, creating a new person that is totally different to the one that knows and speaks in his mother tongue. 

Linguistic Imperialism

Linguistic imperialism, as we can notice nowadays, is affecting most of the countries of the world in many aspects. First of all we can see in education, as an example, how English has become the most powerful language of the world. In the society that we live, English is the most spoken language of the planet, which results in the fact that speaking English has to be a common thing for every single country, and that besides of that all the countries are being forced to learn English, just so that the countries can be part of the international relationships and agreements. What this fact means, is that speaking English, or the fact of being born in a country that has English as the mother tongue, will already give a person more chances to be more successful than a person that does not speak English. Because of this we can say that there are many countries that have so much knowledge that other countries do not have, and that those countries are not receiving recognition just because of the fact that they do not have English as their mother tongue, or they do not even speak English.

 An example that proves this idea is the fact that in all the countries of the world, individuals have to have a certain level of English skills to get a job. Besides of that when it comes to media and internet, most of the media is in English, and all the world accepts it. We cannot blame on any English speaker native country for this fact, but what we could do is to consider if accepting this fact will benefit us.

My conclusion is that nowadays the English has such a power that can dominate the whole world, since its influence reaches every part of the world. Besides of that it is important to also mention that the rest of the countries that do not have English as mother tongue have to do something about it not fearing to reject being part of the empire that this language has built in such a short period of time.

Text 2 Comment

In this blog post I am going to analyze an article called Food Crisis in Sahel, which belongs to the company Oxfam. We can notice that this is truly an article that has been posted in the website of the webpage, since we can see that the text appears in the website of the NGO. 

As we can see, the article is informing the readers about the economical problems that certain countries from Africa are constantly facing. This problems are mainly due to the climate, that has ruined food crops many years in the past as well as it is ruining food crops nowadays. Due to this, many individuals do not have enough food and water, so these countries are facing big problems of food and water shortages. Besides of informing the people about the situation, the writer is also trying to persuade the audience about the bad situation that these countries are facing. Therefore the target audience is the people of medium class that is able to help these individuals in need.

The structure of the article is made in such a way, in which a person can fully understand the message of the article. The writer first talks about the situation that these countries faced in the past and the consequences that it had. After that he or she explains what would be needed to change this situation, and what would be the solution to avoid it to occur on the future. Finally the writer tells the audience what people could do to change the situation.

Each section is important, because without reading the first section we would not be able to fully understand the second section, so the writer in this text gives us the context in the first section. Besides of that in the first section we can find the basic information that helps us to understand the second section, so it can be considered the introduction explaining what are the thing that are going to be discussed in the article.

 Besides of that, in the second section the writer fully explains the idea that he or she wants to transmit, explaining the current situation of the countries, and explaining what would be needed to avoid this bad and sad situation that these countries have to face.

Finally in the third section we find a sort of conclusion in which the writer gives us the last information, talking about, what things in the project have already been achieved, encouraging people to support the project and, encouraging people to believe that there is hope for these countries if people knows more about how the situation is nowadays.

Furthermore the persuasive language has an important role in this article. We can notice that this article has Ethos, Pathos and Logos.

We have Ethos because as we can see the article has credibility since the NGO Oxfam is the organization that is posting the information. Pathos is involved since it appeals to emotion through explaining how sad and bad the situation in these poor countries is, and lastly it also has Logos since the text gives us evidence of the issue, it presents numbers and real facts that can be trusted, so the information is clearly being displayed.